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CyberSecurity Introduction.

This tutorial introduces the fundamentals of cybersecurity, including threats, protection techniques, and best practices.

1. What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, theft, and damage.

  • Protects personal and organizational data
  • Prevents unauthorized access
  • Ensures data integrity and availability

2. Common Cyber Threats

  • Malware – Viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware
  • Phishing – Fake emails or websites to steal data
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks
  • Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
  • Password attacks

3. Malware Explained

Malware is malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems.

  • Virus – Attaches to files
  • Worm – Self-replicates
  • Trojan – Disguised as legitimate software
  • Ransomware – Locks data for ransom

4. Phishing Attacks

Phishing tricks users into revealing sensitive information.

Never click suspicious links or download unknown attachments.
  • Email phishing
  • Spear phishing (targeted)
  • SMS phishing (smishing)

5. Password Security

Strong passwords are essential for security.

  • Use at least 12 characters
  • Mix letters, numbers, and symbols
  • Avoid personal information
  • Use password managers
Example of a strong password:
T7#kP!9@Lm2$

6. Network Security Basics

  • Firewalls – Control network traffic
  • VPNs – Encrypt internet connections
  • IDS/IPS – Detect intrusions

7. Encryption

Encryption converts data into unreadable form to protect it.

  • Symmetric encryption (AES)
  • Asymmetric encryption (RSA)
  • Hashing (SHA-256)

8. Cybersecurity Best Practices

  • Keep systems updated
  • Use antivirus software
  • Enable two-factor authentication (2FA)
  • Backup data regularly
  • Educate users

9. Ethical Hacking

Ethical hackers test systems legally to find vulnerabilities.

Ethical hacking requires permission and follows laws and ethics.

10. Career Paths in Cybersecurity

  • Security Analyst
  • Penetration Tester
  • Security Engineer
  • Incident Responder
  • Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

11. Conclusion

Cybersecurity is critical in today’s digital world. Learning the fundamentals is the first step toward protecting systems and building a career in security.